QRD1114 Miniature Reflective Infrared Optical Sensors

QRD1114 Miniature Reflective Infrared Optical Sensors Consists of an infrared emitting diode and an NPN silicon photodarlington mounted side by side in a black plastic housing.

Types

• A self-contained photoelectric sensor contains the optics, along with the electronics.
  It requires only a power source.
  The sensor performs its own modulation, demodulation, amplification and output switching.
  Some self-contained sensors provide such options as a built-in control timers or counters.
  Because of technological progress the self-contained photoelectric sensors have become increasingly smaller.
• Remote photoelectric sensors used for remote sensing contain only the optical components of a sensor.
  The circuitry for power input amplification, and output switching is located elsewhere, typically in a control panel.
  This allows the sensor, itself, to be very small. Also, the controls for the sensor are more accessible, since they may be bigger.
• When space is restricted or the environment too hostile even for remote sensors, fibre optics may be used.
• Fibre optics are passive mechanical sensing components.
• They can be used with either remote or self-contained sensors.
  They have no electrical circuitry and no moving parts, and can safely pipe light into and out of hostile environments.[

Reference.

A brief tutorial about how to use phototransistors to detect light

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